Marine turtles are among the many most wide-ranging marine animals, spending a lot of their lives in coastal feeding areas the place ongoing statement is crucial for conservation. Within the Gulf of Venezuela, southern Caribbean Sea, conventional monitoring strategies utilizing flipper tags, small metallic or plastic identifiers connected to a turtle’s flipper, have been frequent. Nonetheless, these tags typically fail resulting from loss, rust, or different harm. Scientists have been searching for a extra inexpensive and non-harmful various, which led them to discover photo-identification — a technique based mostly on the distinct and everlasting facial scale patterns distinctive to every turtle, very similar to a human fingerprint.
María Gabriela Sandoval and Dr. Hector Barrios-Garrido from the Grupo de Trabajo en Tortugas Marinas del Golfo de Venezuela and members of the Ecology Laboratory of the Experimental College of Sciences on the College of Zulia (Maracaibo-Venezuela) constructed a set of pictures displaying particular person turtles captured within the Gulf over practically twenty years. Their analysis, revealed within the peer-reviewed Journal of Sea Analysis, in contrast two photo-matching laptop applications – I3S Sample, which analyzes patterns and shapes in photographs, and NaturePatternMatch, which makes use of superior algorithms to detect visible similarities – with the normal “by-eye” identification carried out by educated specialists.
From quite a few seize encounters, the workforce assembled a big set of clear, high-quality facial profile photographs, most that includes inexperienced turtles (Chelonia mydas), a species recognized for its easy carapace and herbivorous feeding habits. Whereas handbook identification by specialists was flawless, it was time-consuming and impractical for managing massive picture collections. The I3S Sample program reached a really excessive accuracy degree in simply seconds, performing considerably higher than NaturePatternMatch. ““Picture-ID lets us acknowledge particular person turtles with out dealing with or {hardware}. It’s quick, inexpensive, and a bridge for native participation—precisely what conservation wants in resource-limited settings and assist to cut back the issues associated to the normal tag methodology,” mentioned Dr. Barrios-Garrido.
Photographic data of facial scales patterns. Picture I: A – post-ocular; B – temporal; C – sub-temporal; and D – central of inexperienced turtles within the Gulf of Venezuela. Pictures II and III as instance of mismatching.
One necessary conclusion from the analysis is the worth of photographing each the left and proper sides of a turtle’s face, for the reason that association of scales can differ tremendously between the 2 sides. This will increase the probability of right identification, particularly when just one aspect is seen throughout fieldwork. Sandoval and Dr. Barrios-Garrido additionally discovered that photo-identification might verify the id of turtles that had misplaced their tags, highlighting its usefulness alongside tagging. “Amid constraints, creativity issues. Led by an undergraduate, this work exhibits how easy, scalable instruments can maintain conservation shifting when sources are restricted”, Dr Barrios-Garrido added.
Sandoval and Dr. Barrios-Garrido’s findings present that whereas handbook matching stays barely extra correct, computer-aided instruments like I3S Sample are a lot sooner for giant picture databases and nonetheless ship glorious outcomes when verified by human observers. “I3S Sample provides a user-friendly platform and a excessive efficiency to the completely different evaluations in its utility with marine turtles,” Dr. Barrios-Garrido defined.
Past its technical success, the research highlights the chance to contain native residents and volunteers in turtle monitoring (see photographs beneath to help this concept). By coaching them to take constant, clear profile photographs, conservationists can collect extra knowledge and overcome challenges corresponding to restricted workers and funding. This method is particularly priceless in locations just like the Gulf of Venezuela, the place conservation applications typically face useful resource shortages resulting from present economical nationwide constrains. “This low-cost, non-invasive method hurries up matching throughout massive photograph libraries and opens the door for communities and volunteers to contribute significant knowledge to conservation”, sai Dr Barrios-Garrido.
Sandoval and Dr. Barrios-Garrido recommends increasing the photograph database, a structured assortment of turtle photographs and associated info, to incorporate many extra particular person turtles. This could permit for higher testing and enchancment of the software program, significantly for species whose facial patterns are much less distinctive. Combining automated picture searches with handbook checks might create a sturdy, cost-effective system to assist safeguard these threatened marine animals.
Journal Reference
Sandoval, M.G., Barrios-Garrido, H. “Picture-id as a substitute for monitor marine turtles within the Gulf of Venezuela.” Journal of Sea Analysis, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2025.102574
Concerning the Authors
María Gabriela Sandoval is a biologist devoted to the conservation of marine turtles and coastal ecosystems within the southern Caribbean. She has been actively concerned with GTTM-GV (Grupo de Trabajo en Tortugas Marinas del Golfo de Venezuela), a non-governmental group dedicated to the analysis and safety of marine turtles within the Gulf of Venezuela. By her work with GTTM-GV, María Gabriela has contributed to long-term monitoring applications, group outreach, and conservation methods in one of many area’s most ecologically and culturally important coastal zones.
María Gabriela holds a powerful curiosity in utilized analysis that bridges area science with sensible conservation instruments. Her work goals to help evidence-based administration and improve native capability to safeguard marine biodiversity. She can be an lively contributor to scientific publications and collaborative analysis networks targeted on marine megafauna conservation.
Hector Barrios-Garrido is a Venezuelan biologist and conservation social scientist with over 27 years of expertise devoted to the analysis and safety of marine turtles and coastal ecosystems within the Caribbean, West Africa, and Crimson Sea areas. He presently serves as a Senior Marine Megafauna Specialist at King Abdullah College of Science and Expertise-KAUST Beacon Growth (KBD), the place he leads marine turtle analysis and monitoring applications throughout Saudi Arabia’s western shoreline.
Hector is an honorary and founder member of GTTM-GV (Grupo de Trabajo en Tortugas Marinas del Golfo de Venezuela), an NGO with a powerful grassroots conservation presence within the Gulf of Venezuela. His tutorial work integrates ecological analysis with socio-environmental views, addressing points corresponding to indigenous use of turtle sources, conservation conflicts, and community-based monitoring approaches.
Hector has authored or co-authored over 80 scientific publications, which have collectively acquired greater than 1,200 citations, reflecting a powerful regional and worldwide affect. He’s additionally an lively member of the IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group and continuously collaborates on transboundary marine conservation initiatives. His analysis continues to bridge science, coverage, and conventional ecological data to tell extra inclusive and efficient conservation methods.
